Invisible hazards: Facade insulation that can pose risks

In the search for more efficient and sustainable buildings, both in new construction and in housing renovations, the use of façade insulation has become a common practice in contemporary architecture. However, in the midst of the concern for energy efficiency, it is crucial to consider the possible impacts that some of these components may have on the health of those who inhabit these spaces. Some types of facade insulation, while offering thermal and acoustic advantages, may conceal risks that affect the long-term health of the inhabitants.
In this blog, we will explore some of these risks and how they can be addressed by architects and designers.

WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF INSULATION THAT CAN CONCEAL RISKS?

Flammable or Combustible Insulations

Some types of facade insulation may pose significant risks due to their flammability or propensity to combust.
Examples:

• Expanded Polystyrene Insulation (EPS): Expanded polystyrene, or EPS, is one of the most common insulations, but also one of the most flammable. This material, due to its chemical composition, can easily catch fire and spread rapidly in the event of a fire.
• Polyurethane (PUR) and Polyisocyanurate (PIR) Insulation: Polyurethane and polyisocyanurate are synthetic insulation materials that offer high thermal efficiency, but are also highly flammable. In the event of a fire, these materials can burn intensely and release toxic gases, which increases the risk of fire spread and makes extinguishing operations more difficult.

Insulations that Facilitate Moisture and Mold Accumulation

Moisture accumulation in the building envelope is a common problem that can lead to mold and mildew growth, as well as degradation of building materials. Some types of facade insulation can retain moisture and create favorable conditions for the growth of harmful microorganisms.

Not only can this compromise indoor air quality, but it can also cause structural damage and require costly corrective measures.

Example: Extruded polystyrene (XPS), an insulation that can retain moisture and create conditions conducive to the growth of mold and mildew on the building façade. Moisture and mold buildup can not only affect indoor air quality, but also the long-term structural integrity of the building.

At our architectural firm, we take very seriously the safety and well-being of those who live in the spaces we design. That is why, when considering facade insulation, we opt for solutions that not only provide energy efficiency, but also maximum protection for users.

Among the various materials available, from Cronotopos we opt for the incorporation of rock wool and mineral wool in the mainly wooden framework of our works and rehabilitations. These materials, derived from volcanic rocks or glass, respectively, offer a unique combination of properties that make them ideal for use in timber framing.

Rock wool and mineral wool not only provide excellent thermal and acoustic insulation, but are also fire resistant, ensuring greater safety in case of fire. In addition, their structures do not favor the growth of fungi or bacteria, helping to maintain indoor air quality and occupant health.

In summary, while façade insulation offers significant benefits in terms of energy efficiency and indoor comfort, it is essential to be aware of the potential risks associated with certain types of materials. Architects and designers must carefully evaluate the properties and characteristics of the available insulation to ensure the safety, durability and health of the occupants of the new or renovated building. By prioritizing the selection of materials that minimize potential risks, we can create built environments that are safe, sustainable and resilient over time.